7/25/2023 0 Comments Chatbot eliza 1966![]() But again, these are the speaker's contribution to the conversation." "The speaker further defends his impression (which even in real life may be illusory) by attributing to his conversational partner all sorts of background knowledge, insights and reasoning ability. ![]() In any case, it has a crucial psychological utility in that it serves the speaker to maintain his sense of being heard and understood," Weizenbaum wrote. "Whether it is realistic or not is an altogether separate question. Knowledge well beyond its capability was attributed to the machine by its patients, who assumed it was thinking in a way somewhat similar to humans, rather than as the fancy keyword spotter it essentially was. The program, when used, was surprisingly effective in provoking emotional responses from its "patients", who were more than happy to open up to the machine. It is important to note that this assumption is one made by the speaker." "If, for example, one were to tell a psychiatrist 'I went for a long boat ride' and he responded 'Tell me about boats', one would not assume that he knew nothing about boats, but that he had some purpose in so directing the subsequent conversation. "This mode of conversation was chosen because the psychiatric interview is one of the few examples of categorized dyadic natural language communication in which one of the participating pair is free to assume the pose of knowing almost nothing of the real world." "ELIZA performs best when its human correspondent is initially instructed to 'talk' to it, via the typewriter of course, just as one would to a psychiatrist," Weizenbaum wrote in a paper on the topic. By asking people to talk to the bot as if it was a therapist, Weizenbaum got around a key problem with creating convincing conversations between humans and AI: ELIZA knew absolutely nothing about the real world. This type of therapist is known for reflecting certain information back at the patient, known as " reflective listening". Weizenbaum got the program to act as a psychiatrist, specifically a Rogerian psychotherapist.
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